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本(ben)例介(jie)紹(shao)的電(dian)發電(dian)機組自動穩壓器PCB電(dian)路，具有(you)穩壓性能(neng)好(hao)、適應性強、成本(ben)低廉等特(te)點，可用(yong)(yong)于各(ge)種中、小(xiao)型內燃發電(dian)機組和水電(dian)站(zhan)等自動穩壓，也(ye)可用(yong)(yong)于改(gai)造老式發電(dian)機組。

PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工作原理該發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組自(zi)動(dong)穩(wen)壓器PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)由同步觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)源PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、弛張(zhang)振(zhen)蕩觸發(fa)器、穩(wen)壓控制(zhi)PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、無功電(dian)(dian)流調節PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、外動(dong)力不足保(bao)護PCB電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

同步觸發電源PCB電路(lu)由電源變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)T、整流(liu)二極管VD4~VD9、穩壓(ya)(ya)二極管VS1和電阻器(qi)R1組成。

弛張振蕩觸(chu)發器(qi)PCB電路由晶(jing)(jing)體管V2、單結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)體管VU、電阻(zu)器(qi)R2~R5和電容器(qi)C2、C3組成。

穩壓(ya)控制PCB電路由(you)電源變壓(ya)器T、整流(liu)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管VD10~VD15、電阻器R6~R8，電位器RP2、電容器C1和(he)穩壓(ya)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管VS2、VS3組成。

無功(gong)電流(liu)調節PCB電路由電流(liu)互感器TA、電位器RP1、開關(guan)S1和整流(liu)二極管VD16~VDl9組成。

勵磁PCB電(dian)路由交流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)機G的(de)等(deng)勵磁繞(rao)組WE；二極(ji)管VD1、VD2、晶閘管VT、K1的(de)常閉觸點K1~1、熔斷器FU1等(deng)組成。

 外動(dong)力不足保護PCB電(dian)路(lu)由電(dian)阻器R9~Rl2、二(er)極管VD25~VD31、晶體(ti)管V1、電(dian)容器C4~C8和繼電(dian)器K2組成。

充磁PCB電路由充磁按鈕S2、二(er)極(ji)管VD2O~VD24、K1的常閉觸(chu)點K1~2、熔斷(duan)器FU2和T的W4繞(rao)組組成。

來自(zi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機G的(de)(de)三(san)相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)晶經(jing)T降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，在(zai)(zai)T的(de)(de)W5~W7繞組(zu)上產生(sheng)30V三(san)相(xiang)正弦交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，在(zai)(zai)W8~W1O繞組(zu)上產生(sheng)18V三(san)相(xiang)正弦交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。W5~W7繞組(zu)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)經(jing)VD4~VD9整流(liu)(liu)、R1限流(liu)(liu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)VS1穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，產生(sheng)15V梯形波直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，作為弛張振蕩觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)的(de)(de)同(tong)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)；W8~W1O繞組(zu)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)經(jing)VD1O~VD15整流(liu)(liu)、R6和RP2限流(liu)(liu)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)C1濾波后(hou)(hou)(hou)，通(tong)過由R7、R8和VS2、VS3組(zu)成的(de)(de)橋式測量(liang)PCB電(dian)(dian)(dian)路加至弛張振蕩觸(chu)發(fa)器(qi)，作為其(qi)控制(zhi)信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機G剛開始發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，C兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（橋式測量PCB電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）較低，VS2和(he)VS3均不導通(tong)，弛張(zhang)振(zhen)蕩觸發器不工作。當發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機G的(de)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上(shang)升至200V時，VS2和(he)VS3擊穿導通(tong)，使弛張(zhang)振(zhen)蕩觸發器工作，從VU的(de)第一基極輸(shu)出脈沖波信(xin)號，該信(xin)號經VD3加至VT的(de)門極，作為(wei)其(qi)觸發信(xin)號。這樣，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在短時間內建立起空載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。