印制電路板(ban)(ban)翹曲的成(cheng)因,一個方面是所采用的基板(ban)(ban)(覆銅(tong)板(ban)(ban))可能翹曲,但(dan)在印制電路板(ban)(ban)加工過程中,因為熱應力,化學因素(su)影(ying)響,及生(sheng)產工藝不當也會造(zao)成(cheng)印制電路板(ban)(ban)產生(sheng)翹曲。
所以,對于印制電路板廠來說,首先是要預防印制電路板在加工過程中產生翹曲;再就是對于已經出現翹曲的PCB 板要(yao)有一個(ge)合適、有效的處理(li)方法(fa)。
預防印(yin)制電路板在加(jia)工過程中產(chan)生翹曲(qu)
1、防(fang)止由于庫存方式不當造(zao)成或加(jia)大基(ji)板翹曲
(1)由于(yu)(yu)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)在(zai)存(cun)放(fang)過(guo)程中,因為吸(xi)(xi) 濕(shi)(shi)會(hui)加(jia)大(da)翹(qiao)曲,單面(mian)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)濕(shi)(shi)面(mian)積(ji)很大(da),如(ru)果(guo)庫(ku)存(cun)環境濕(shi)(shi)度(du)較(jiao)高,單面(mian)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)將(jiang)會(hui)明(ming)顯加(jia)大(da)翹(qiao)曲。雙面(mian)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)潮氣只能從產品端面(mian)滲(shen)入(ru),吸(xi)(xi)濕(shi)(shi)面(mian)積(ji)小,翹(qiao)曲變化 較(jiao)緩慢。所以對于(yu)(yu)沒有防潮包裝(zhuang)的(de)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)要注意庫(ku)房條(tiao)件,盡量減少庫(ku)房濕(shi)(shi)度(du)和(he)避免覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)裸(luo)放(fang),以避免存(cun)放(fang)中的(de)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)加(jia)大(da)翹(qiao)曲。
(2)覆(fu)(fu)銅板擺放(fang)方式不當會加大翹曲。如豎放(fang)或(huo)覆(fu)(fu)銅板上壓有重(zhong)物,擺放(fang)不良(liang)等都會加大覆(fu)(fu)銅板翹曲變(bian)形。
2、避免由于印(yin)制電路板(ban)線路設計(ji)不(bu)(bu)當或加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)不(bu)(bu)當造(zao)成翹曲。
如PCB板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)導電(dian)線(xian)路圖(tu)形不均衡或(huo)PCB板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩面線(xian)路明顯不對(dui)稱,其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)面存(cun)在(zai)(zai)較大面積銅(tong)皮(pi)(pi),形成較大的(de)應(ying)力(li),使PCB板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)翹曲(qu),在(zai)(zai)PCB制程中(zhong)加工溫(wen)度偏高(gao)或(huo)較大熱沖擊(ji)等(deng)都會造成PCB板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)翹曲(qu)。對(dui)于覆(fu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)庫存(cun)方(fang)式不當造成的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),PCB廠比較好解決,改善貯(zhu)存(cun)環境及杜絕豎放、避免(mian)重壓就可以(yi)了。對(dui)于線(xian)路圖(tu)形存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大面積的(de)銅(tong)皮(pi)(pi)的(de)PCB板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),最好將(jiang)銅(tong)箔網格化以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)應(ying)力(li)。
3、消除基板(ban)應力,減少加工過程PCB板(ban)翹(qiao)曲
由于在PCB加工過程中,基板(ban)(ban)要(yao)(yao)(yao)多(duo)次受(shou)(shou)到熱的作用(yong)及要(yao)(yao)(yao)受(shou)(shou)到多(duo)種(zhong)化學(xue)物質(zhi)作用(yong)。如基板(ban)(ban)蝕刻(ke)后要(yao)(yao)(yao)水(shui)洗、要(yao)(yao)(yao)烘干(gan)而受(shou)(shou)熱,圖形電鍍時(shi)電鍍是熱的,印(yin)綠油及印(yin)標識字符(fu)后要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)加熱烘干(gan)或(huo)用(yong)UV光烤干(gan),熱風噴錫(xi)時(shi)基板(ban)(ban)受(shou)(shou)到的熱沖擊(ji)也很大(da)等等。這些過程都可能使PCB板(ban)(ban)產(chan)生翹曲(qu)。
4、波峰焊或浸焊時,焊錫溫度偏高,操作時間偏長,也會(hui)加(jia)大基板翹(qiao)曲。對于波峰焊工(gong)藝的改進,需(xu)電(dian)子組裝(zhuang)廠共同配合。
由于應力是(shi)基板(ban)翹(qiao)曲的(de)主因,如果在覆銅板(ban)投入使用前先烘板(ban)(也(ye)有稱焗(ju)板(ban)),多家PCB廠都認為這種做法有利于減少PCB板(ban)的(de)翹(qiao)曲。
烘板的作用是可(ke)以使(shi)基板的應力充分松弛,因而可(ke)以減(jian)少基板在PCB制程中的翹曲變形(xing)。
焗(ju)板(ban)(ban)的方法是:有(you)條件的PCB廠(chang)是采用大型(xing)(xing)烘(hong)(hong)箱焗(ju)板(ban)(ban)。投產前(qian)將一大疊覆(fu)銅(tong)板(ban)(ban)送入(ru)烤(kao)箱中,在基板(ban)(ban)玻璃化溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度附(fu)近溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度下將覆(fu)銅(tong)板(ban)(ban)烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)若干小時(shi)到十幾小時(shi)。用經過焗(ju)板(ban)(ban)的覆(fu)銅(tong)板(ban)(ban)生產的PCB板(ban)(ban),其(qi)翹曲變形就比較小,產品(pin)的合格(ge)率高了許多。對于一些(xie)小型(xing)(xing)PCB廠(chang),如沒(mei)有(you)那么大型(xing)(xing)的烘(hong)(hong)箱可以(yi)將基板(ban)(ban)切(qie)小后再烘(hong)(hong),但烘(hong)(hong)板(ban)(ban)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)有(you)重物壓住板(ban)(ban),使基板(ban)(ban)在應(ying)(ying)力(li)松弛過程(cheng)能保持平(ping)整(zheng)狀態。烘(hong)(hong)板(ban)(ban)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度不宜(yi)太高,過高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度基板(ban)(ban)會變色(se)。也(ye)不宜(yi)太低,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度太低需很長(chang)時(shi)間才能使基板(ban)(ban)應(ying)(ying)力(li)松弛。